Students  and  America’s 


Foreign  Policy 


SIX  DISCUSSION  OUTLINES 

ON 

THE  PRESENT  INTERNATIONAL 
RESPONSIBILITIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES 


Prepared  by 

THE  WORLD  COURT  COMMITTEE 

of  the 

COUNCIL  OF  CHRISTIAN  ASSOCIATIONS 


(PRELIMINARY  EDITION) 

Price,  10  Cents 

COUNCIL  OF  CHRISTIAN  ASSOCIATIONS 

Student  Council  Y.  W.  C.  A.,  600  Lexington  Avenue 
Student  Department,  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  347  Madison  Avenue 
New  York  City 


Distributed  by 

ASSOCIATION  PRESS 

New  York:  347  Madison  Avenue 

1925 


STUDY  I. 

What  Kind  of  a World  Are  We  Living  In? 

A.  In  what  respects,  specifically,  does  the  economic  world  of 
today  differ  from  that  of  1875? 

1.  Why  has  the  question  of  rubber  and  oil  become  an 
international  problem? 

2.  What  difference  does  it  make  to  the  wheat  growers  of 
America  whether  or  not  Germany  recovers  economically? 

3.  Why  are  citizens  of  the  United  States  now  investing  a 
billion  dollars  a year  in  foreign  countries? 

4.  “The  people  of  the  earth  are  inextricably  interdependent 
economically.”  What  evidence  have  you  for  or  against  the 
validity  of  this  statement? 

B.  What  is  the  most  outstanding  characteristic  of  the  political 
organization  of  mankind  today? 

1.  Why  are  there  60  nations  in  the  world  today? 

2.  Which  of  the  causes  of  this  fact  are  natural  and  which 
are  artificial? 

3.  It  is  generally  agreed  that  a nation  has  an  absolute 
right ; 

a.  To  determine  its  immigration  policy. 

b.  To  set  such  tariffs  as  it  deems  necessary. 

c.  To  maintain  as  large  an  army  and  navy  as  it  desires. 

This  is  called  the  principle  of  national  sovereignty.  Do  not 
discuss  the  specific  questions,  but  state  what  is  to  be  said 
for  and  against  this  principle. 

How  far  is  “national  sovereignty”  an  ultimate  value? 

C.  What  major  problems  of  the  world’s  life  result  from  the  clash 
of  economic  interdependence  and  national  sovereignty?  List 
at  least  four. 

1.  What  reasons  other  than  interest  in  the  welfare  of  the 
Filipinos  are  influencing  the  United  States  to  retain  control 
of  the  Islands? 

2.  Why  are  the  British  tax-payers  willing  to  spend  approxi- 
mately $335,000,000  a year  on  their  navy? 

3.  Why  do  the  Great  Powers  feel  justified  in  interfering  in 
the  internal  government  of  China? 

D.  What  do  you  consider  the  first  step  in  resolving  the  conflict 
which  has  appeared  in  this  study? 


2 


REFERENCES— STUDY  L 


A.  Economic. 

Norman  Thomas,  “The  Challenge  of  War;  An  Economic  Interpretation.’’ 

Complete  treatment  of  the  subject,  in  pamphlet  form. 

William  Smith  Culbertson,  “International  Economic  Policies.’’ 

The  most  complete  and  thorough  study.  The  entire  book  is  to 
the  point. 

*Achille  Viallate,  “Economic  Imperialism  and  International  Relations 
During  the  Last  Fifty  Years.’’  Chap.  4.  Also  Chap.  3 on  Invest- 
ments. 

G.  Lowes  Dickinson,  “War;  Its  Nature,  Cause  and  Cure.” 

Chap.  7 on  Imperialism,  Raw  Materials,  Capital. 

Kirby  Page,  “Imperialism  and  Nationalism.” 

Chap.  4 on  the  Territorial  and  Economic  Expansion  of  the  U.  S. 
Chas.  A.  Beard,  “Cross  Currents  in  Europe  Today.” 

Chap.  9 on  the  Effect  on  the  U.  S.  of  Economic  Interests. 

Scott  Nearing,  “Oil  and  the  Germs  of  War,”  pamphlet. 

Herbert  Feis,  in  Foreign  Affairs  (American),  July,  1925,  pages  667- 
686,  “Export  of  American  Capital.” 

B.  Political. 

*Philip  Marshall  Brown,  “International  Society.” 

Chap.  1 on  Nationalism.  Chap.  2 on  National  Interests. 
“International  Law  and  International  Relations,”  published  by  the 
American  Foundation  (see  Appendix). 

Part  I — The  Rights  and  Duties  of  a Sovereign  State — probably  the 
most  complete  and  useful  work  on  this  particular  subject. 

H.  G.  Wells,  “The  Salvaging  of  Civilization.” 

Chap.  3 on  Patriotism,  Sovereignty,  etc. 

G.  P.  Gooch,  “Nationalism.”  A complete  study. 

Foreign  Affairs  (American),  June,  1923,  page  115,  “Nationalism  and 
Internationalism.”  A defense  of  modern  nationalism. 

John  Haynes  Holmes,  “Patriotism  Is  Not  Enough.” 

Hugo  Krabbe,  “The  Modern  Idea  of  the  State.” 

C.  Clash  of  Economic  and  Political. 

*Kirby  Page,  “An  American  Peace  Policy.” 

Chap.  1 on  Results  of  Economic  Interdependence  and  Political 
Division. 

H.  G.  Wells,  “The  Salvaging  of  Civilization.” 

Chap.  1 on  the  Probable  Future  of  Mankind. 

Jessie  Wallace  Hughan,  “A  Study  of  International  Government.” 

Chap.  6.  A very  thorough  study. 

Otto  H.  Kahn,  “The  Myth  of  American  Imperialism.” 

(Published  by  the  Committee  of  American  Business  Men,  15  Park 
Row,  New  York  City.) 

Leonard  Woolf,  “Imperialism,”  a short  but  telling  argument. 

Ramsey  Muir,  “Nationalism  and  Internationalism.” 

J.  A.  Hobson,  “Imperialism.” 

* Marks  the  best  brief  reference,  which  is  particularly  recommended  if  you  cannot 
do  any  of  the  other  reading. 

See  the  Appendix  for  a list  of  the  best  books  to  buy  for  use  throughout  the  discussion, 
and  also  a list  of  the  best  pamphlets  available  on  the  World  Court. 

3 


STUDY  II. 

What  Do  We  Need? 

1.  If  our  major  international  difficulties  arise  from  the  conflict 
between  economic  interests  and  political  division,  what  would 
be  essential  in  an  adequate  international  organization? 

2.  What  sort  of  international  legislative  machinery  is  re- 
quired? How  should  it  be  constituted?  What  should  be  the 
scope  of  its  activity? 

3.  Are  permanent  international  executive  officers  required? 
If  so,  why?  What  would  be  their  functions? 

4.  Is  some  form  of  international  tribunal  essential?  If  so, 
what  should  be  its  form? — its  power  and  jurisdiction? 

5.  Why  have  treaties  proved  to  be  ineffective  in  preventing 
war  and  the  evils  of  imperialism? 

What  is  the  significance  of  the  proposal  to  outlaw  war  by  an 
international  treaty  declaring  it  to  be  a public  crime^? 

How  would  the  acceptance  of  outlawry  affect : 

a.  Our  present  conceptions  of  patriotism? 

b.  The  present  status  of  the  soldier  in  society? 

c.  The  teaching  of  history  in  our  schools? 

d.  The  work  of  our  consular  and  diplomatic  services? 

6.  How  shall  international  organization  secure  the  observance 
of  international  agreements?  Is  an  international  police  force 
necessary  or  practicable?  What  other  factors  can  be  relied 
upon?  What  is  the  limit  of  the  effectiveness  of  each? 


^ See  Harmony  Peace  Program,  p.  16. 


4 


REFERENCES-— STUDY  II. 


*Will  Irwin,  “The  Next  War.” 

Chap.  13  on  Proposed  Ways  to  Peace. 

Maurice  Parmelee,  “Blockade  and  Sea  Power.” 

Chap.  18  on  the  Essential  Features  of  the  World  State. 

(See  Chap.  19  for  judgment  of  the  League  of  Nations  by  this 
standard.) 

Philip  Marshall  Brown,  “International  Society.” 

Chap.  10  on  International  Organization. 

Kirby  Page,  “An  American  Peace  Policy.” 

Chap.  2 on  the  International  Organization  Necessary. 

D.  Mitrany,  “The  Problem  of  International  Sanctions.” 

“International  Law  and  International  Relations,”  published  by  the 
American  Foundation  (see  Appendix). 

Fart  11.  deals  with  the  Procedure,  Peaceful  and  Forcible,  for  En- 
forcing the  Rights  of  Sovereign  States. 

“Ways  to  Peace.”  Twenty  plans  chosen  from  those  submitted  for 
Mr.  Edward  W.  Bok’s  American  Peace  Award. 

Graham  Wallas,  “The  Great  Society.” 

H.  G.  Wells,  “Men  Like  Gods,”  “Salvaging  Civilization,”  and  other 
works. 


5 


STUDY  III. 
What  Do  We  Have? 


A.  Hague  Tribunal. 

1.  What  was  it  intended  to  accomplish? 

2.  To  what  extent  has  it  succeeded? 

3.  Wherein  has  it  failed?  Why? 

4.  What  is  to  be  hoped  for  from  it? 

5.  How  far  could  it  fulfill  the  requirements  you  have  decided 
upon  under  Study  II? 

B.  World  Court. 

1.  How  does  it  differ  from  the  Hague  Tribunal  in  structure, 
procedure,  function,  and  permanence? 

2.  What  has  it  accomplished? 

3.  The  following  criticisms  have  been  advanced: 

a.  It  is  a creature  of  the  League  of  Nations  and  therefore 
open  to  political  influence. 

b.  It  has  no  compulsory  jurisdiction. 

c.  It  has  no  sanctions  or  means  of  enforcing  decisions. 

d.  It  is  ineffective  because  it  has  no  codified  international 
law  from  which  to  adjudicate. 

e.  It  does  not  assure  justice  to  all,  especially  oppressed 
peoples  and  minority  groups. 

How  far  do  you  think  each  criticism  is  valid?  How  far  might 
each,  if  valid,  impair  the  Court’s  usefulness? 

4.  How  far  can  we  look  to  the  World  Court  alone  as  an  ade- 
quate form  of  international  organization? 

C.  League  of  Nations. 

1.  How  does  the  League  differ  in  origin,  purpose,  function 
and  structure  from  (a)  the  Hague  Tribunal,  and  (b)  the 
World  Court? 

2.  What  specifically  has  the  League  accomplished? 

3.  In  what  crises  has  it  failed?  To  what  problems  has  it 
proved  inadequate? 

4.  What  are  the  causes  of  its  failures? 

D.  The  Protocol  and  the  Security  Pacts. 

1.  How  does  the  Security  Pact  differ  in  principle  and  in 
method  from  the  Hague  Tribunal,  the  Court,  the  League? 

2.  Discuss  the  statement,  “Henceforth  all  effective  interna- 
tional organizations  must  be  on  the  basis  of  guarantees  of 
security.” 

E.  What  Nations  Are  NOT  Participating  in  “What  We  Have”? 
What  influence  does  this  have  on  the  effectiveness  of  what 
we  have? 


6 


REFERENCES— STUDY  III. 


’Report  of  the  Conference  on  the  Cause  and  Cure  of  War,  held  in 
Washington,  D.  C.,  January,  1925. 

' Section  2 on  the  Present  World  Organization — a number  of  addresses 
by  foremost  authorities. 

Kirby  Page,  “An  American  Peace  Policy.”  Chap.  3. 

B.  The  World  Court. 

’John  Bassett  Moore,  “International  Law  and  Other  Essays.” 

Chap.  4 — an  excellent  statement  in  90  pages  by  the  American  Judge 
on  the  panel  of  the  Court. 

Manley  O.  Hudson,  “The  Permanent  Court  of  International  Justice.” 

Complete  study  through  reprints  of  addresses  and  articles. 

Judge  Bustamante,  “The  Permanent  Court  of  International  Justice.” 
To  be  published  October  27,  1925,  by  MacMillan,  and  will  probably 
sell  for  $2.50.  Will  be  a very  thorough  and  complete  study  of  the 
Court  and  its  work. 

See  list  of  pamphlets  on  the  World  Court  in  the  Appendix  of  this 
outline. 

C.  The  League  of  Nations. 

’Philip  Marshall  Brown,  “International  Society.” 

Chap.  11  is  a brief  but  excellent  impartial  statement. 

Jesse  Wallace  Hughan,  “A  Study  of  International  Government.” 

Chapters  7 to  12  give  a full  survey  of  the  questions  involved. 

Stanley  High,  “Europe  Turns  the  Corner.” 

Chap.  7 is  a sympathetic  discussion  in  a vivid  and  popular  style. 
Maurice  Parmelee,  “Blockade  and  Sea  Power.” 

Chap.  19 — critical  but  sympathetic. 

Herbert  Adams  Gibbons,  “America’s  Place  in  the  World.” 

Chap.  13 — Strong  anti-League  argument. 

Irving  Fisher,  “League  or  War.”  The  whole  book  is  valuable. 

Chap.  6 on  “What  Is  the  League?” 

Chap.  7 answers  the  objections  urged  against  the  League. 

Frances  Kelior,  “Security  Against  War.” 

Vol.  I,  440  pages,  is  a complete  study  of  tlie  League  from  a critical 
point  of  view. 

The  League  of  Nations  Handbook  for  1925  (as  well  as  other 
League  of  Nations  literature)  may  be  obtained  from  the  World 
Peace  Foundation,  40  Mt.  Vernon  Street,  Boston,  for  25c. 


STUDY  IV. 

Why  Haven’t  We  What  We  Need? 

1.  Practically  everyone  professes  a firm  belief  in  adequate 
international  organization.  Most  people  agree  that  our  present 
international  organization  is  utterly  inadequate.  Why  this  dis- 
crepancy? 

2.  List  the  major  obstacles.  Then  arrange  them  in  the  order 
of  their  importance. 

3.  To  what  extent  is  each  of  these  obstacles 

a.  natural?  or  artificial? 

b.  justifiable? 

c.  removable?  and  if  so,  how? 

4.  We  have  spoken  of  “what  we  need”  and  “what  we  have.” 
The  most  important  question  for  us  as  Americans  to  face  is 
“What  do  we  really  want?” 

If  we  zvanted  adequate  international  organization,  could  we 
have  it? 

5.  If  the  support  of  public  opinion  is  essential,  how  may  such 
opinion  be  created?  When  created,  how  can  it  be  made  ef- 
fective ? ^ 

6.  How  far  is  America’s  aloofness  from  international  partici- 
pation responsible  for  the  fact  that  “we  haven’t  what  we  need”? 

7.  What  is  the  price  of  securing  what  we  need?  The  price 
to  the  United  States?  For  instance,  how  far  are  we  willing  to 
go  toward  a world- wide  equalization  of  standards  of  living? 


^ This  subject  will  repay  more  thorough  study.  The  World  Court  Committee  of  the 
C.  C.  A.  is  preparing  material  on  the  creation  and  effectiveness  of  public  opinion  which 
it  will  make  available  to  groups  or  individuals  desiring  to  go  further  on  this  question. 


8 


REFERENCES— STUDY  IV. 


*Kirby  Page,  “An  American  Peace  Policy.”  Chap.  4. 

Philip  Marshall  Brown,  “International  Society.” 

Chap.  13  on  the  Imponderables. 

Chap.  2 on  National  Interests. 

H.  G.  Wells,  “The  Salvaging  of  Civilization.”  Chap.  3. 

John  Haynes  Holmes,  “Patriotism  Is  Not  Enough.” 

Report  of  the  Conference  on  the  Cause  and  Cure  of  War,  page  337, 
“The  Press  and  War  and  Peace,”  an  address  by  Bruce  Bliven. 

Walter  Lippman,  “Public  Opinion.” 

Graham  Wallas,  “The  Great  Society.” 

Lothrop  Stoddard,  “The  Rising  Tide  of  Color.” 

J.  H.  Oldham,  “Christianity  and  the  Race  Problem.” 


9 


STUDY  V. 

What  Should  the  United  States  Do? 


A.  With  Reference  to  the  World  Court? 

1.  Enter  without  reservations? 

2.  Enter  with  the  Harding-Hughes-Coolidge  reservations^? 

3.  Enter  on  the  Harmony  Peace  Program^? 

4.  Cooperate  in  forming  a new  court? 

5.  Enlarge  the  Hague  Tribunal? 

6.  Refuse  to  join  under  any  condition? 

B.  With  Reference  to  the  Outlawry  of  War? 

1.  Call  a special  conference? 

2.  Enter  the  World  Court  under  the  Harmony  Plan? 

3.  Cooperate  with  efforts  of  the  League  of  Nations,  such  as 
the  Treaties  of  Mutual  Assistance  and  the  Geneva  Protocol? 

4.  Enter  into  regional  agreements,  such  as  the  proposed  Pan- 
American  plan? 

C.  With  Reference  to  Disarmament? 

1.  Call  a conference  of  the  Powers? 

2.  Cooperate  with  the  efforts  of  the  League  of  Nations? 

3.  Set  example  by  individual  action? 

4.  Adopt  Preparedness  Program? 

D.  With  Reference  to  the  League  of  Nations? 

1.  Cooperate  unofficially  as  at  present,  with  possible  exten- 
sions ? 

2.  Appoint  official  representatives  on  certain  League  Com- 
missions ? 

3.  Join  with  reservations? 

4.  Join  without  reservations? 

5.  Cooperate  in  forming  a new  Association  of  Nations? 

E.  Are  There  Other  Steps  That  the  United  States  Should  Take? 

^ “The  Harding-'Hvighes-Coolidge  Reservations”  plan  is  printed  in  full  on  page  IS. 

^ The  Harmonj'  Peace  Program  is  printed  in  full  on  page  16. 


10 


REFERENCES— STUDY  V. 


*Irving  Fisher,  “America’s  Interest  in  World  Peace." 

The  U.  S.  and  the  World  Court  and  the  League  of  Nations. 

Kirby  Page,  “An  American  Peace  Policy.” 

Chap.  5.  What  Shall  the  U.  S.  Do  About  International  Organiza- 
tions? 

"’Frances  Kellor,  “Security  Against  War.” 

Chap.  39  on  the  Outlawry  of  War — the  best  statement. 

See.  the  series  of  articles  and  editorials  on  the  Outlawry  of  War  run- 
ning through  the  issues  of  the  Christian  Century  for  December,  1924, 
and  January  and  February,  1925. 

Kirby  Page,  “Imperialism  and  Nationalism.” 

Chap.  5.  What  Should  the  U.  S.  Do  About  Imperialism  and 
Nationalism? 

Chas.  A.  Beard,  “Cross  Currents  in  Europe.” 

Chap.  9.  Our  Relation  to  Economic  Imperialism. 

Stanley  High,  “Europe  Turns  the  Corner.” 

Chap.  10  on  the  U.  S.  and  the  European  Settlement. 

Professor  Powers,  “America  Among  the  Nations.” 

Herbert  Adams  Gibbons,  “America’s  Place  in  the  World.” 

Chap  14.  The  Question  of  Immigration. 

Chap.  15.  Some  Pitfalls  to  Be  Avoided. 

Will  Irwin,  “The  Next  War.” 

Chap.  14.  What  We  Might  Do. 

Chap.  12.  The  Argument  Against  Preparedness. 

Annals  of  the  American  Academy  for  July,  1925,  pages  71-76,  William 
L.  Rodgers,  Rear  Admiral,  U.  S.  N.  The  Case  for  Preparedness. 

Ramsey  MacDonald,  “National  Defense.” 

A statement  of  the  Socialist  British  Labor  Party’s  position  on  the 
question  of  armaments  and  security. 

A.  G.  Enock,  “The  Problem  of  Armaments.” 

“A  Practical  Plan  for  Disarmament,”  a publication  of  the  Carnegie 
Endowment  for  International  Peace,  which  can  be  obtained  through 
their  office,  405  W.  117th  Street,  New  York  City,  for  Sc. 


11 


STUDY  VI. 

What  Can  Students  Do? 

1.  In  what  ways  can  articulate  student  opinion  on  interna- 
tional problems  influence  public  opinion  at  large? 

2.  How  can  American  students  be  more  active  in  influencing 
our  government’s  foreign  policy?  If  we  assume  this  responsi- 
bility, to  what  extent,  if  any,  can  we  follow  the  lead  of  Chinese, 
South  American,  Indian  students? 

3.  How  is  student  opinion  on  your  campus  formed?  What 
factors  or  agencies  or  methods  influence  it  most?^ 

4.  What  methods  can  be  used  to  further  this  specific  stud}^ 
on  the  campus?  What  organizations  or  groups  are  most  inter- 
ested and  best  fitted  to  further  such  a study  program  ? Are  they 
on  the  job?  What  is  the  responsibility  of  each  individual? 

5.  What  efforts  are  being  made  in  your  institution  to  make 
the  study  of  international  affairs  a part  of  your  college  curric- 
ulum? 

6.  What  contribution  can  youth  groups  and  other  organiza- 
tions working  for  peace  nationally  and  internationally  make  in 
your  program  of  study  and  action? 

7.  What  projects  are  you  undertaking,  such  as  conferences, 
forums,  debates,  discussion  groups,  articles  and  discussions  in 
college  papers  and  magazines,  distribution  of  literature  and 
so  on? 

8.  In  what  definite  ways  can  you  influence  the  thinking  in 
high  schools  and  communities  in  your  section? 

9.  What  action  is  your  college  or  your  student  body  going  to 
take  in  influencing  the  World  Court  debate  beginning  December 
17th  in  the  Senate? 


* See  footnote,  page  8. 


12 


REFERENCES— STUDY  VI. 


Jesse  Wallace  Hughan,  “A  Study  of  International  Government.” 

Chap.  17.  The  Task  Before  Us. 

H.  G.  Wells,  “Salvaging  Civilization.”  Chap.  17. 

Report  of  the  Conference  on  the  Cause  and  Cure  of  War  (see  Ap- 
pendix). 

Pages  241-244,  “Education  and  International  Understanding,”  Mary 
Wooley,  President,  Mt.  Holyoke. 

Ruth  Rouse,  “Rebuilding  Europe.”  The  part  students  play. 

Sherwood  Eddy,  “Youth  and  World  Problems.”  What  the  Youth  of 
many  countries,  round  the  world,  are  doing. 

Periodicals  that  deal  particularly  with  International  Affairs : 
Foreign  Affairs,  25  West  43rd  Street,  New  York  City.  Quarterly. 
$5.00  a year. 

Foreign  Affairs,  34,  Victoria  Street,  London  S.W.l.  Monthly.  About 
$1.25  a year. 

Advocate  of  Peace,  American  Peace  Society,  613  Colorado  Building, 
Washington,  D.  C.  Monthly.  $2.00  a year. 

Foreign  Policy  Association  Bulletin,  9 East  45th  Street,  New  York 
City.  Weekly.  $0.50  a year. 

Information  Service  of  the  Federal  Council  of  Churches  of  Christ  in 
America.  Weekly.  $2.00  a year.  105  East  22nd  Street,  New  York 
City. 

International  Conciliation,  monthly  by  the  American  Association  for 
International  Conciliation.  $0.25  a year.  407  West  117th  Street, 
New  York  City. 

League  of  Nations  and  World  Peace  Foundation  Pamphlets,  by  World 
Peace  Foundation,  40  Mt.  Vernon  Street,  Boston.  Bi-monthly.  $0.25 
a year. 

Manchester  Guardian,  Guardian  Bldg.,  Manchester,  England.  Weekly 
newspaper  with  full  foreign  news.  13  shillings  a year. 

Vox  Studentium,  Student  Friendship  Fund,  347  Madison  Avenue,  New 
York  City.  Monthly.  $0.60  a year. 

The  Student  World,  by  the  World  Student  Christian  Federation,  16 
Boulevard  des  Philosophes,  Geneva,  Switzerland.  Quarterly.  $0.50 
a year. 

The  World’s  Youth,  published  by  the  World’s  Boys’  Work  Committee, 
3,  Rue  General  Dufour,  Geneva,  Switzerland.  Monthly.  $1.00  a year. 

Much  valuable  material  is  carried  in  other  periodicals,  such  as 
the  Literary  Digest,  Current  History,  The  Christian  Century,  The 
New  Student,  The  Intercollegian,  The  World  Tomorrow. 

The  following  Discussion  Courses  or  Study  Outlines  may  be 
ordered  from  the  Council  of  Christian  Associations : 

Christian  Fellowship  Among  the  Nations. — An  Aid  to  Straight  Think- 
ing on  Our  Greatest  Problem.  Davis  and  Chamberlain.  $0.25. 
International  Problems  and  the  Christian  Way  of  Life.  $0.30. 
Adventures  in  World  Cooperation.  Davis  and  Poling.  $0.25. 

Youth  and  Renaissance  Movements.  $0.25. 

Missions  and  World  Problems.  The  Inquiry.  $0.75. 

Racial  Relations  and  the  Christian  Ideal.  $0.25. 

And  Who  Is  My  Neighbor?  The  Inquiry.  $0.75. 

Looking  Toward  a Christian  China.  $0.25. 

13 


APPENDIX 

The  following  books  will  be  found  very  valuable  in  a study  of 
the  questions  raised  in  this  outline : 

Philip  Marshall  Brown,  “International  Society;  Its  Nature  and  Inter- 
ests.” MacMillan.  $1.50. 

"International  Law  and  International  Relations.”  Published  by  The 
American  Foundation,  maintaining  the  American  Peace  Award,  565 
Fifth  Avenue,  New  York  City.  $0.75. 

Report  of  the  Conference  on  the  Cause  and  Cure  of  War,  held  in 
Washington,  D.  C.,  January  18-24,  1925.  Distributed  by  the  National 
League  of  Women  Voters,  1010  Grand  Central  Terminal  Building, 
New  York  City.  $0.50.  A large  volume  of  very  valuable  material. 
Ruth  Rouse,  “Rebuilding  Europe,”  the  Student  Chapter  in  Post-War 
Reconstruction.  Council  of  Christian  Associations.  $0.75. 

Margaret  Wrong,  “Ideals  and  Realities  in  Europe,”  a sympathetic  study 
of  post-war  conditions  and  problems  by  a secretary  of  the  World’s 
Student  Christian  Federation.  Council  of  Christian  Associations. 
$0.75. 

*Kirby  Page,  “An  American  Peace  Policy.”  Council  of  Christian  Asso- 
ciations. Paper,  $0.15. 

Kirby  Page,  “Imperialism  and  Nationalism.”  Pamphlet  Department, 
Room  505,  347  Madison  Avenue,  New  York  City.  $0.15. 

Kirby  Page,  “War;  Its  Causes,  Consequences  and  Cure.”  Pamphlet 
Department,  Room  505,  347  Madison  Avenue,  New  York  City.  $0.15. 
Sherwood  Eddy,  “Youth  and  World  Problems.”  Pamphlet  Depart- 
ment, Room  505,  347  Madison  Avenue,  New  York  City.  $0.10. 

The  following  pamphlets  on  the  World  Court  may  be  obtained 
direct  from  the  publishers,  or  through  the  office  of  the  World 
Court  Committee  of  the  C.  C.  A.,  Room  706,  347  Madison  Avenue, 
New  York  City ; 

From  the  World  Peace  Foundation,  40  Mt.  Vernon  Street,  Boston,  Mass. 
The  Permanent  Court  of  International  Justice — the  Draft  Scheme.  5c. 
The  World  Court.  Opinions  of  six  prominent  men.  5c. 

Hearings  on  the  Court,  with  evidence  of  prominent  men.  5c. 

The  Work  of  the  Court  During  Its  First  Three  Years.  5c. 

America  and  the  Court.  5c. 

Steps  Toward  Preserving  Peace,  Elihu  Root.  5c. 

From  the  American  Association  for  International  Conciliation,  407 
West  117th  Street,  New  York  City. 

The  United  States  and  the  Permanent  Court  of  International  Jus- 
tice, No.  186,  May,  1923.  5c. 

The  Permanent  Court  of  International  Justice,  John  Bassett  Moore, 
No.  197,  April,  1924.  5c. 

From  the  National  League  of  Women  Voters,  1010  Grand  Central 
Terminal  Building,  New  York  City. 

Information  Bulletin  Concerning  the  World  Court,  in  7 sections.  35c. 
The  World  Court,  illustrated.  10c. 

From  the  American  Peace  Award,  565  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York  City. 

Set  of  three  information  bulletins  on  the  World  Court.  Gratis. 
From  the  National  Council  for  the  Prevention  of  War,  532  17th  Street, 
Washington,  D.  C. 

The  Harding-Coolidge  World  Court  Measure,  by  Frederick  Libby. 
Gratis. 


14 


Some  of  the  Youth  and  Other  Peace  Organizations  in  America 

The  Fellowship  of  Youth  for  Peace,  104  East  9th  Street,  New  York 
City. 

Corda  Fratres  Association  of  Cosmopolitan  Clubs  of  America,  305 
Dentistry  Building,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

Intercollegiate  Peace  Association,  Antioch  College,  Yellow  Springs, 
.Ohio. 

National  Student  Forum,  2929  Broadway,  New  York  City. 

Student  Volunteer  Movement  for  Foreign  Missions,  25  Madison  Ave- 
nue, New  York  City. 

Fellowship  for  Christian  Life  Service,  1301  Chicago  Temple  Building, 
Chicago,  111. 

The  Young  Friends,  20  South  12th  Street,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

The  Fellowship  of  Reconciliation,  383  Bible  House,  New  York  City. 

The  Fellowship  for  a Christian  Social  Order,  Room  505,  347  Madison 
Avenue,  New  York  City. 

The  League  for  Industrial  Democracy,  70  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York 
City. 

The  Foreign  Policy  Association,  9 East  45th  Street,  New  York  City. 

The  Institute  for  International  Education,  522  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York 
City. 

The  National  Council  for  the  Prevention  of  War,  532  17th  Street,  N.W., 
Washington,  D.  C. 

The  American  Peace  Award,  565  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York  City. 

League  of  Nations  Non-Partisan  Association,  6 East  39th  Street,  New 
York  City. 

World’s  Alliance  for  International  Friendship  Through  the  Churches, 
70  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York  City. 

The  Women’s  International  League  for  Peace  and  Freedom,  1403  H 
Street,  N.W.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Commission  on  International  Justice  and  Goodwill  of  the  Federal 
Council  of  Churches,  105  East  22nd  Street,  New  York  City. 

The  World  Peace  Foundation,  40  Mt.  Vernon  Street,  Boston,  Mass. 

The  National  League  of  V/omen  Voters,  1010  Grand  Central  Terminal 
Building,  New  York  City. 

The  American  Committee  for  the  Outlawry  of  War,  134  South  LaSalle 
Street,  Chicago,  111. 

The.  Peace  Association  of  Friends  in  America,  615  National  Road, 
West  Richmond,  Ind. 

The  Peace  Committee  of  the  Philadelphia  Yearly  Meeting  of  Friends, 
304  Arch  Street,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


'.f  , j. 


HARDING-HUGHES-COOLIDGE  WORLD  COURT  PROPOSAL 

Text  of  the  Swanson  Resolution,  to  come  before  the  Senate, 
December  17th,  1925. 

Resolved  {two-thirds  of  the  Senators  present  concurring),  That  the 
Senate  advise  and  consent  to  the  adhesion  on  the  part  of  the  United 
States  to  the  said  protocol  of  December  16,  1920,  and  the  adjoined 
Statute  for  the  Permanent  Court  of  International  Justice  (without 
accepting  or  agreeing  to  the  optional  clause  for  compulsory  jurisdiction 
contained  in  said  statute)  and  that  the  signature  of  the  United  States  be 
affixed  to  the  said  protocol;  subject  to  the  following  reservations  and 
understandings  which  are  hereby  made  a part  and  condition  of  this  reso- 
lution, namely: 

1.  That  such  adhesion  shall  not  be  taken  to  involve  any  legal  relation 
on  the  part  of  the  United  States  to  the  League  of  Nations  or  the 
assumption  of  any  obligations  by  the  United  States  under  the  Covenant 
of  the  League  of  Nations  constituting  Part  1.  of  the  treaty  of  Versailles. 

2.  That  the  United  States  shall  be  permitted  to  participate  through 
representatives  designated  for  the  purpose  and  upon  an  equality  with 
the  other  States,  members,  respectively,  of  the  Council  and  Assembly 
of  the  League  of  Nations,  in  any  and  all  proceedings  of  either  the 
Council  or  the  Assembly  for  the  election  of  judges  or  deputy  judges  of 
the  Permanent  Court  of  International  Justice,  or  for  the  filling  of 
vacancies. 

3.  That  the  United  States  will  pay  a fair  share  of  the  expenses  of  the 
Court  as  determined  and  appropriated  from  time  to  time  by  the  Congress 
of  the  United  States. 

4.  That  the  statute  for  the  Permanent  Court  of  International  Justice 
adjoined  to  the  protocol  shall  not  be  amended  without  the  consent  of 
the  United  States. 

5.  That  the  United  States  shall  be  in  no  manner  bound  by  any 
advisory  opinion  of  the  Permanent  Court  of  International  Justice  not 
rendered  pursuant  to  a request  in  which  it,  the  United  States,  shall 
expressly  join  in  accordance  with  the  statute  for  the  said  court  adjoined 
to  the  protocol  of  signature  of  the  same  to  which  the  United  States  shall 
become  signatory. 

The  signature  of  the  United  States  to  the  said  protocol  shall  not  be 
affixed  until  the  powers  signatory  to  such  protocol  shall  have  indicated, 
through  an  exchange  of  notes,  their  acceptance  of  the  foregoing  reserva- 
tions and  understandings  as  a part  and  a condition  of  adhesion  by  the 
United  States  to  the  said  protocol. 


IS 


THE  HARMONY  PEACE  PROGRAM 


Thirty  leaders  of  the  Peace  Movement  in  America,  represent- 
ing different  points  of  view  as  to  the  means  of  securing  inter- 
national peace,  recently  made  the  following  proposal : 

As  a measure  directed  toward  the  abolition  of  war  and  in  order  to 
make  the  Permanent  Court  of  International  Justice  a more  effective 
judicial  substitute  for  war  in  the  settlement  of  international  disputes  we 
favor  the  program  embodied  in  the  three  following  proposals: 

1.  The  immediate  adherence  of  the  United  States  to  the  Court  Pro- 
tocol, with  the  Harding-Hughes-Coolidge  reservations. 

2.  Within  two  years  after  the  adherence  by  the  United  States  to  the 
Court  Protocol,  the  signatories  thereto,  including  the  United  States 
Government,  shall  formally  declare  by  appropriate  governmental  action 
their  endorsement  of  the  following  basic  principles  of  the  outlawry  of 
war  and  shall  call  an  international  conference  of  all  civilized  nations  for 
the  purpose  of  making  a general  treaty  embodying  these  principles. 

(a)  War  between  nations  shall  be  outlawed  as  an  institution  for  the 
settlement  of  international  controversies  by  making  it  a crime  under 
the  law  of  nations.  (The  question  of  self-defense  against  attack  or 
invasion  is  not  involved  or  affected.) 

(b)  A code  of  the  international  law  of  peace,  based  upon  the  outlaw- 
ing of  war  and  upon  equality  and  justice  between  all  nations,  great  and 
small,  shall  be  formulated  and  adopted. 

(c)  When  war  is  outlawed  the  Permanent  Court  of  Internationa! 
Justice  shall  be  granted  affirmative  jurisdiction  over  international  con- 
troversies between  sovereign  nations  as  provided  for  and  defined  in 
the  code  and  arising  under  treaties. 

3.  Should  such  signatories  within  two  years  after  the  adherence  of 
the  United  States  fail  to  make  such  declaration  and  to  join  in  a confer- 
ence for  the  purpose  of  making  such  general  treaty,  the  United  States 
may  in  its  discretion  withdraw  its  adherence  to  said  Court  Protocol; 
and  further  should  such  signatories  fail,  within  five  years  after  the 
adherence  of  the  United  States  to  said  Court  Protocol,  to  make  and 
execute  a general  treaty  embodying  in  substance  the  aforesaid  princi- 
ples, the  adherence  of  the  United  States  shall  thereupon  terminate;  but 
any  action  of  the  Court  taken  in  the  interim  shall  remain  in  full  force 
and  effect. 


Order  in  quantities  from 

THE  WORLD  COURT  COMMITTEE  OF  THE 
COUNCIL  OF  CHRISTIAN  ASSOCIATIONS 
Room  706,  347  Madison  Avenue,  New  York  City 
12  copies,  $1.00;  SO  copies,  $3.50;  100  copies,  $7.00 


16 


